Aardvark (Orycteropus afer)

 

Class:   Mammalia
Order:   Tubulidentata
Family: Orycteropidae
Size: 3 to 7 feet (0.9 to 2.1 m) in length
Weight: 90 to 145 lbs (40.8 to 65.7 kg.)
Diet:  Mainly ants, plus termites, fruit and rodents
Distribution:  Africa: south of the Sahara
Young: One, or sometimes twins
Animal Predators: Lion, hyena, leopard. Pythons may attack young aardvarks
IUCN Status:  No special status
Terms: None
Lifespan: Up to 23 years

 

Facts/Trivia:

·       Aardvark means “earth pig” in Afrikaans.

·       Scientists have found 5-million-year-old fossils of aardvarks in Europe and Asia.

·       The aardvark is also called an African ant bear.

·       Aardvarks are very strong swimmers.

·       When frightened, aardvarks make a grunting or bleating sound.

·       Females have an average of two offspring in their lifetime.

·       Aardvarks became popular with children in the late 1990s due to “Arthur,” the animated aardvark (although he looks nothing like a real-life aardvark).

 

Description

Aardvarks look like pigs with long snouts and ears like a rabbit. Aardvarks have long, sticky tongues to pick up insect prey, and pinkish-gray skin sparsely covered with bristly hair. They have 20 rootless teeth that keep growing. Their legs are powerful, and their claws are sharp.

 

Habitat

The burrow of an aardvark consists of a tunnel with numerous chambers and several different entrances in case they suddenly need to escape a predator.

 

Feeding Habits

The main diet of aardvarks consists of ants and termites. At night, aardvarks snuffle along the ground with their long noses, searching for insects as they go from termite mound to termite mound. Ants, termites and other insects are trapped on aardvarks’ long, sticky tongues. Aardvarks sometimes eat mice, as well as wild cucumber (also known as aardvark pumpkin), which contains a fair amount of water. Aardvarks are powerful and fast diggers, pushing back dirt to find food or to dig a burrow. They have chisel-shaped claws that enable them to break through the clay of termite nests, and strong forefeet to burrow through soil.

 

Reproduction

Aardvarks are polygamous animals, and the male takes no part in raising the young. Gestation lasts seven months. Newborns weigh approximately four to five pounds (1.8 to 2.2 kg) and remain in the burrow for about two weeks before making their first appearance outside with their mother to forage. They nurse for four months, although they begin to eat solid food at three months of age. At six months, the young aardvarks leave to dig their own burrows. Females burrow near their mothers’ burrows and join them at night to forage for food.

 

Behaviour

Aardvarks are mainly nocturnal and sleep curled up inside a burrow during the day. When confronted, aardvarks defend themselves with their tail, shoulders and claws or by lying on their backs, enabling them to strike out with all four feet. Aardvarks have excellent hearing and at the slightest unfamiliar noise they will make a dash for their burrow. Their eyesight is not very good however, and when panicked, aardvarks sometimes bump into things. Aardvarks can stand on their hind feet by using their tails for balance. 

 

Conservation

Little is known about this animal due to its nocturnal activity. Aardvarks are not of conservation concern.

 

Sources

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/

http://www.phillyzoo.org/

http://www.rhrwildlife.com/theanimals/a/aardvark/

http://www.awf.org/wildlives/60

http://www.angelfire.com/mo2/animals1/aardvark/aardvark.html

Aardvark Wildlife Fact File, IM Pub, US